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In this paper we pointed out a hidden inequality in accounting for trade-related emissions in the presence of border carbon adjustment. Under a domestic carbon pricing policy, producers pay for the carbon costs in exchange for the right to emit. Under border carbon adjustment, however, the exporting country pays for the carbon costs of their...

From 1971 to 2010, world trade grew fast by 10% per year on average (World Trade Organization 2011). The rapid growth of international trade contributes not only national economic growth but also increasing environmental pressures, such as raw material extraction and depletion, carbon emissions, water resource deterioration and landscape change and...

For effective and practical implementation of border carbon adjustment, it is crucial to determine the carbon content of imports/exports. In this paper we discussed two criteria. One is direct carbon emissions, which accounts for direct emissions generated from production. The other is embodied emissions which accounts for the total emissions...

Due to a rapid increase in waste generation in Asia, recycling businesses are increasing their already significant contribution to sustainable solid waste management. At the same time, improper practices of recycling businesses can also generate serious health and environmental impacts. There is therefore a clear need to promote the scaling up of...

The Kyoto Protocol required only developed countries to reduce their emissions but did not require developing countries to do so, and this created an asymmetric condition for developed and developing countries to implement domestic climate policies. Implementing a domestic climate policy in developed countries, such as an emission trading system or...

This report provides in-depth analysis of recycling business in Thailand, China, India and Malaysia.