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In this paper we pointed out a hidden inequality in accounting for trade-related emissions in the presence of border carbon adjustment. Under a domestic carbon pricing policy, producers pay for the carbon costs in exchange for the right to emit. Under border carbon adjustment, however, the exporting country pays for the carbon costs of their...

This report aims to contribute to the management of PNG’s forests as a renewable natural asset for the collective benefit of all Papua New Guineans. It argues that to achieve these ends, illegalities in the forest sector need serious attention. The report aims to (i) provide a review of the illegal logging issue in PNG, (ii) identify the potential...

From 1971 to 2010, world trade grew fast by 10% per year on average (World Trade Organization 2011). The rapid growth of international trade contributes not only national economic growth but also increasing environmental pressures, such as raw material extraction and depletion, carbon emissions, water resource deterioration and landscape change and...

For effective and practical implementation of border carbon adjustment, it is crucial to determine the carbon content of imports/exports. In this paper we discussed two criteria. One is direct carbon emissions, which accounts for direct emissions generated from production. The other is embodied emissions which accounts for the total emissions...

本論文は、中国における温室効果ガス排出の現状と畜産業の状況について簡述した上で、畜産業における温室効果ガス削減の取組（主に戸別バイオガスダイジェスターと大中型バイオガスプラントの建設・使用状況）に焦点を当て、具体的な事例を取り上げながら検証した。最後に、CDM事業を通した日本の対応についても紹介・分析した。

Recently, many mega-cities in China are suffering from heavy soot-laden smog including small particulate matter such as PM2.5. First reason is that there must be a very stable atmospheric condition with weak vertical exchanges of air between a boundary layer and upper layer that leads to the formation of fogs and haze. Second reason is the very...

This report was developed as part of a series of three research publications on the research project led by UNU-IAS and IGES on monitoring and evaluation of education for sustainable development, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. This report specifically focuses on the development of an appropriate framework for structuring the approach on...