In Conclusion: Towards Sustainable Transport

How has sustainable transport been discussed in the international community? First, let’s take an overview of the history of the SDGs. In June 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the “Earth Summit,” was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Earth Summit was a conference aimed at obtaining concrete measures for the conservation of the global environment and the realization of sustainable development. At this summit, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Statement of Forest Principles, and Agenda 21 were adopted, and both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) were opened for signatures. This marked the beginning of serious discussions on the conservation of the global environment. Ten years later, in August–September 2002, the World Summit on Sustainable Development was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, to comprehensively review and discuss plans for implementing Agenda 21 adopted at the Earth Summit. Here, a focus was placed on five areas: water, energy, health, agriculture, and biodiversity, and the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development was adopted.