There have been growing concerns over the protective measures needed, particularly with respect to energy and infrastructure systems within cities that are also experiencing mounting risks and exposure levels. In order to avoid risks and damage, and to strengthen resilience to natural disasters, national and local governments need to be prepared....
This paper focuses on two important facets related to the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) : price elasticities of CER (Certified Emission Reductions) supply using the monthly data for the large scale CDM projects between August 2008 and the end of 2012 and its implication on the additionality issue on CDM projects. 本研究は...
MRV – Measurement/Monitoring, Reporting and Verification - is commonly understood as a series of processes to quantify GHG emission and their change over time. It is a key instrument to understand the level of emissions and the impact of actions aimed at changing emission levels. For this reason, MRV became a keyword as many developed and...
While the form of new framework including new market mechanisms with participation from all the Parties under the UNFCCC will be further discussed and elaborated in order to be agreed upon by 2015 and implemented by 2020, CDM still has a significant role in terms of the foundation of market-based mechanisms and supporting tools especially for the...